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非心脏经皮腔内血管成形术(NCPTA)

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ID: ANH00023chis
医学动画文字记录:医生会进行非心脏经皮腔内血管成形术(英文称NCPTA),以恢复被动脉粥样硬化斑块阻塞的动脉的血液流动。被称为动脉粥样硬化斑块的脂肪在动脉内沉积积聚,使通道变窄,阻碍血液流动。这种动脉阻塞叫做狭窄。组织供血不足常常会引起疼痛。非心脏经皮腔内血管成形术,只有在病情对低侵入性治疗方案,如生活方式改变和药物治疗没有效果时才会进行。开始手术前,你要躺在配有透视仪的平台上。透视仪能够从多个角度,拍摄身体许多部位的x射线图像。医生会麻醉插入导管部位周围的皮肤。由于腿部的动脉最容易进入,腹股沟的股动脉是最常见的插入点。医生首先插入空心针进入动脉,带有球囊头的导管置于空心针内。通过观察透视屏幕上的影像,医生会轻轻地推进导管,直到它到达需治疗的动脉,并注射一种特殊的染料。这种染料可以让透视镜拍摄x射线图像,称为血管造影,这可以让医生确定堵塞的确切位置。接下来,医生会移动导管,直到在它顶部的球囊处于狭窄的位置。然后,通过给球囊快速充气和放气,医生会轻轻地将斑块和血管壁推开,部分重建血液流动。对于其他额外的堵塞,可以重复此步骤。在某些情况下,医生可能会放置支架,这是一个钢丝网,可以保持动脉开放。在进行这个手术时,医生会在导管末端的泄气球囊上,放置一个收缩的支架。当球囊充气时,支架膨胀并固定在适当的位置上。在手术结束时,医生会从起始插入点取出导管。手术结束后,医生将在导管插入处,用加压绷带包扎,并要求你保持静止不动,以防止出血。你将在恢复区域接受仔细的监测,以确保在受影响的动脉内血液,能够自如地流动。多数患者在手术当天就可以出院,但也有部分患者需要住院观察1~2天。

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