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子宫内膜异位症

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ID: ANH13117chis
医疗动画文字记录:子宫内膜异位症是一种类似子宫内膜的组织在身体其他部位生长的疾病。如果你是女性,你的生殖系统包括阴道、子宫、输卵管和卵巢。在正常的月经周期中,卵巢会产生一种叫做激素的化学物质,它会发出使子宫内膜增厚的信号。这层内膜被称为子宫内膜,为接收受精卵做好准备。如果卵子没有受精,子宫内膜会通过阴道脱落。这种每月一次的出血被称为月经期。如果你患有子宫内膜异位症,内膜型组织会在子宫外生长,原因尚不清楚。错位的组织对激素的反应就像它在你的子宫里一样。随着每个月经周期,这些组织会继续变厚,然后脱落,并出血。然而,子宫外流出的血液和组织无法离开你的身体。困住的子宫内膜血流会刺激周围区域引起炎症和疼痛。可能会形成瘢痕组织,称为粘连,将一个器官粘在另一个器官上,或导致输卵管闭塞。这会影响你的生育能力,也就是怀孕的能力。子宫内膜异位症可形成子宫内膜瘤,又称巧克力囊肿。这些囊肿是卵巢上充满液体的囊,会影响生育能力。子宫内膜异位症也可能导致异常出血。子宫内膜异位症最常见的部位是卵巢、输卵管、子宫外部、子宫周围的支撑结构,以及骨盆的内壁(称为腹膜)。其他部位包括膀胱、直肠和肠道。如果你有子宫内膜异位,你可能出现一个或更多的以下症状:慢性的、逐渐恶化的中央骨盆疼痛,经前或经期痛,性交时感觉骨盆深处疼痛,经期排尿痛,经期排便痛,异常出血,腹泻,便秘,或恶心,不孕。医生可能会建议选择以下治疗方案:止痛药物,如阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚,或非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS),可以缓解疼痛。激素疗法,如避孕药,可以防止每月子宫内膜堆积和出血。你可能需要外科手术来治疗引起疼痛或出血的组织。这类手术包括:切除或破坏子宫内膜;切除粘连和瘢痕组织;切除或引流囊肿;切除或破坏传递疼痛的神经纤维;切除子宫,即子宫切除术;或切除卵巢,即卵巢切除术。

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